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Abstract Brain Design

Publications

Selected Publications
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2026
 

  • Lin TY, McCormack B, Bacchetti A, Inserra M, Filippatou A, Pellegrini N, Davis S, Kim A, Newsome SD, Mowry EM, Nourbakhsh B, Bhargava P, Pardo CA, Kornberg MD, Probasco JC, Venkatesan A, Dewey BE, Balcer LJ, Kenney RC, Zimmermann HG, Oertel FC, Fitzgerald KC, Sotirchos ES, Paul F, Calabresi PA, Saidha S. Combining inter-eye differences enhances detection of optic nerve involvement in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2026 Aug 3;149(8):2643-2653. doi: 10.1093/brain/awaf450. PMID: 41296631; PMCID: PMC13431887.

  • Chen M, Noroozi R, Smith MD, Sanjayan M, Tejera CH, Bhargava P, Dewey BE, Mowry EM, Fitzgerald KC. Metabolomic Signatures of Brain Atrophy and Ibudilast Response in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2026 Jun 1:2026.05.21.26353780. doi: 10.64898/2026.05.21.26353780. PMID: 42282152; PMCID: PMC13252427. 

  • Siavoshi F, Candia J, Ladakis DC, Dewey BE, Filippatou A, Smith MD, Sotirchos ES, Saidha S, Prince JL, Abdelhak A, Mowry EM, Calabresi PA, Walker KA, Fitzgerald KC, Bhargava P. Proteomic Age Acceleration in Multiple Sclerosis Precedes Symptom Onset and Associates with Severity. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2026 Apr 20:2026.04.13.26350634. doi: 10.64898/2026.04.13.26350634. PMID: 42078367; PMCID: PMC13131753.

  • Siavoshi F, Noroozi R, Chang G, Schoeps VA, Smith MD, Briggs FB, Graves JS, Waubant E, Mowry EM, Calabresi PA, Bhargava P, Fitzgerald KC. Accelerated metabolomic aging and its association with social determinants of health in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2026 Apr;32(4):421-428. doi: 10.1177/13524585261417120. Epub 2026 Feb 20. PMID: 41718456; PMCID: PMC12927593.

  • Duggan MR, Oh HS, Frank P, Gomez GT, Zweibaum D, Cui Y, Chen J, Surapaneni A, Blew CO, Dark HE, Joynes CM, Kandala S, Bilgel M, Farinas A, Erus G, Tian Q, Candia J, Pucha KA, Landman BA, Dumitrescu L, Hohman TJ, Lewis A, Moghekar A, Siavoshi F, Ali M, Liu M, Xu Y, Western D, Kaneko N, Kato S, Furuichi M, Shibayama M, Katsuno M, Nishita Y, Otsuka R, Gottesman RF, Dammer EB, Seyfried NT, Levey AI, B Johnson EC, Mormino E, Wagner AD, Poston KL, Kapogiannis D, Grams ME, Bhargava P, Waga I, Davatzikos C, Resnick SM, Ferrucci L, Bennett DA, Cruchaga C, Wyss-Coray T, Kivimäki M, Coresh J, Walker KA. OMG! A proteomic determinant of neurodegenerative resiliency. Mol Neurodegener. 2026 Jan 5;21(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s13024-025-00921-1. PMID: 41491993; PMCID: PMC12870269.

  • Noroozi R, Tsai HH, Yu K, Samuel K, Trinh K, Tsai EA, Briggs FBS, Bhargava P, Fitzgerald KC. Serum metabolomic-lipidomic signatures track long-term neurological performance in multiple sclerosis. Mol Neurodegener Adv. 2026;2(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s44477-025-00008-7. Epub 2025 Nov 28. PMID: 41450782; PMCID: PMC12727765. 

  • Siavoshi F, Smith MD, Cassard S, Moreau GB, Brenton JN, Mowry EM, Fitzgerald KC, Bhargava P. Fasting Mimicking Diets Reverse Accelerated Biological Aging in Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2025 Dec;98(6):1278-1282. doi: 10.1002/ana.78044. Epub 2025 Sep 19. PMID: 40970462; PMCID: PMC12746903.

  • Jank L, Kumar MKS, Ryu T, Thapa R, Gololobova O, Niepokny TD, Calabresi PA, Witwer K, Dutta R, Na CH, Bhargava P. Extracellular Vesicles From Multiple Sclerosis White Matter Exhibit Synaptic, Mitochondrial, Complement and Ageing-Related Pathway Dysregulation. J Extracell Vesicles. 2025 Nov;14(11):e70197. doi: 10.1002/jev2.70197. PMID: 41216884; PMCID: PMC12603783.

  • Ladakis DC, Ghajarzadeh M, Bhargava P, Absinta M, Calabresi PA, Nourbakhsh B. Association of paramagnetic rim lesions with patient-reported neuropsychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2025 Oct 15;477:123657. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2025.123657. Epub 2025 Aug 14. PMID: 40839899.

  • Siavoshi F, Noroozi R, Chang G, Schoeps VA, Smith MD, Briggs FBS, Graves JS, Waubant E, Mowry EM, Calabresi PA, Bhargava P, Fitzgerald KC. Accelerated Metabolomic Aging and Its Association with Social Determinants of Health in Multiple Sclerosis. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2025 May 5:2025.01.29.25321260. doi: 10.1101/2025.01.29.25321260. Update in: Mult Scler. 2026 Apr;32(4):421-428. doi: 10.1177/13524585261417120. PMID: 39974014; PMCID: PMC11838630.

  • ​Noroozi R, Tsai HH, Yu K, Bronson P, Samuel K, Trinh K, Wei R, Tsai E, Briggs FB, Bhargava P, Fitzgerald KC. Metabolic and lipid alterations in multiple sclerosis linked to disease severity. Mult Scler. 2025 Apr;31(4):433-443. doi: 10.1177/13524585251325468. Epub 2025 Mar 27. PMID: 40150792; PMCID: PMC12805657.

  • Ladakis DC, Harrison KL, Smith MD, Solem K, Gadani S, Jank L, Hwang S, Farhadi F, Dewey BE, Fitzgerald KC, Sotirchos ES, Saidha S, Calabresi PA, Bhargava P. Bile acid metabolites predict multiple sclerosis progression and supplementation is safe in progressive disease. Med. 2025 Mar 14;6(3):100522. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.09.011. Epub 2024 Oct 23. PMID: 39447576; PMCID: PMC11911100.

  • Schoeps VA, Bhargava P, Virupakshaiah A, Ladakis DC, Moseley C, Chong J, Aaen G, Graves JS, Benson L, Gorman MP, Rensel M, Abrams A, Mar S, Lotze TE, Chitnis T, Waldman A, Krupp L, Rodriguez M, Tillema JM, Rose J, Schreiner T, Qureshi F, Peterson S, Barcellos LF, Casper TC, Newman J, Borkowski K, Waubant E; US Network of Pediatric MS Centers. Distinct plasma lipids predict axonal injury and multiple sclerosis activity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2025 Jan 16;96(2):150-157. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2024-333652. PMID: 39266284. 

  • Jank L, Singh SS, Lee J, Dhukhwa A, Siavoshi F, Joshi D, Minney V, Gupta K, Ghimire S, Deme P, Schoeps VA, Soman K, Ladakis D, Smith M, Borkowski K, Newman J, Baranzini SE, Waubant EL, Fitzgerald KC, Mangalam A, Haughey N, Kornberg M, Chamling X, Calabresi PA, Bhargava P. Restoring the Multiple Sclerosis Associated Imbalance of Gut Indole Metabolites Promotes Remyelination and Suppresses Neuroinflammation. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2025 Jan 13:2024.10.27.620437. doi: 10.1101/2024.10.27.620437. PMID: 39554063; PMCID: PMC11565924.​​

2025
 

2024
 

  • Gadani SP, Singh S, Kim S, Hu J, Smith MD, Calabresi PA, Bhargava P. Spatial transcriptomics of meningeal inflammation reveals inflammatory gene signatures in adjacent brain parenchyma. Elife. 2024 Oct 30;12:RP88414. doi: 10.7554/eLife.88414. PMID: 39475792; PMCID: PMC11524578. 

  • Adamopoulos C, Oh HS, Buchbinder S, Zarkos P, Bhargava P, Gharia A, Niknejad A, Anwar M, Stojanović V. Monolithic Electronic-Biophotonic System-on-Chip for Label-Free Real-Time Molecular Sensing. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits. 2024 Sep;59(9):2907-2921. doi: 10.1109/jssc.2024.3382933. Epub 2024 Apr 9. PMID: 40963710; PMCID: PMC12439853.

  • Siavoshi F, Ladakis DC, Muller A, Nourbakhsh B, Bhargava P. Ocrelizumab alters the circulating metabolome in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2024 Sep;11(9):2485-2498. doi: 10.1002/acn3.52167. Epub 2024 Aug 26. PMID: 39185939; PMCID: PMC11537130. 

  • Ladakis DC, Vreones M, Blommer J, Harrison KL, Smith MD, Vasileiou ES, Moussa H, Ahmadi G, Ezzedin O, DuVal AL, Dewey BE, Prince JL, Fitzgerald KC, Sotirchos ES, Saidha S, Calabresi PA, Kapogiannis D, Bhargava P. Synaptic Protein Loss in Extracellular Vesicles Reflects Brain and Retinal Atrophy in People With Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2024 Jul;11(4):e200257. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200257. Epub 2024 May 16. PMID: 38754047; PMCID: PMC11131364.

  • Jank L, Kesharwani A, Ryu T, Joshi D, Ladakis DC, Smith MD, Singh S, Arab T, Witwer KW, Calabresi PA, Na CH, Bhargava P. Characterization of spinal cord tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2024 Jun 8;21(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12974-024-03147-y. PMID: 38851724; PMCID: PMC11162576.

  • Ladakis DC, Pedrini E, Reyes-Mantilla MI, Sanjayan M, Smith MD, Fitzgerald KC, Pardo CA, Reich DS, Absinta M, Bhargava P. Metabolomics of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Demonstrates Lipid Changes Linked to Alterations in Transcriptomics-Based Cellular Profiles. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2024 May;11(3):e200219. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200219. Epub 2024 Mar 28. PMID: 38547430; PMCID: PMC11073865. 

  • Jank L, Bhargava P. Relationship Between Multiple Sclerosis, Gut Dysbiosis, and Inflammation: Considerations for Treatment. Neurol Clin. 2024 Feb;42(1):55-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.07.005. Epub 2023 Aug 30. PMID: 37980123.

  • Ladakis DC, Harrison KL, Smith MD, Solem K, Gadani S, Jank L, Hwang S, Farhadi F, Dewey BE, Fitzgerald KC, Sotirchos ES, Saidha S, Calabresi PA, Bhargava P. Bile acid metabolites predict multiple sclerosis progression and supplementation is safe in progressive disease. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2024 Jan 23:2024.01.17.24301393. doi: 10.1101/2024.01.17.24301393. Update in: Med. 2025 Mar 14;6(3):100522. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.09.011. PMID: 38293182; PMCID: PMC10827276.

  • Hu J, Melchor GS, Ladakis D, Reger J, Kim HW, Chamberlain KA, Shults NV, Oft HC, Smith VN, Rosko LM, Li E, Baydyuk M, Fu MM, Bhargava P, Huang JK. Myeloid cell-associated aromatic amino acid metabolism facilitates CNS myelin regeneration. NPJ Regen Med. 2024 Jan 2;9(1):1. doi: 10.1038/s41536-023-00345-9. PMID: 38167866; PMCID: PMC10762216.

  • Ladakis DC, Reyes-Mantilla MI, Gadani SP, Mace JW, Dominguez-Penuela SC, Appiah MJ, Smith MD, Bhargava P, Fox RJ, Saidha S, Calabresi PA. Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels predict brain atrophy in people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2024 Jan;30(1):35-43. doi: 10.1177/13524585231213164. Epub 2023 Nov 20. PMID: 37982154.​

2023
 

  • Gupta K, Kesharwani A, Rua S, Singh SS, Siu C, Jank L, Smith MD, Calabresi PA, Bhargava P. BAFF blockade in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reduces inflammation in the meninges and synaptic and neuronal loss in adjacent brain regions. J Neuroinflammation. 2023 Oct 7;20(1):229. doi: 10.1186/s12974-023-02922-7. PMID: 37805549; PMCID: PMC10559498. 

  • Newsome SD, Tian F, Shoemaker T, Fitzgerald KC, Cassard SD, Fiol J, Snoops S, Cooper DS, Mammen JSR, Bhargava P, Mowry EM, Calabresi PA. A Phase 1b, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of the Putative Remyelinating Agent, Liothyronine, in Individuals with MS. Neurotherapeutics. 2023 Sep;20(5):1263-1274. doi: 10.1007/s13311-023-01402-3. Epub 2023 Jul 17. PMID: 37460763; PMCID: PMC10480368.

  • Virupakshaiah A, Ladakis DC, Nourbakhsh B, Bhargava P, Dilwali S, Schoeps V, Borkowski K, Newman JW, Waubant E. Several serum lipid metabolites are associated with relapse risk in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2023 Jul;29(8):936-944. doi: 10.1177/13524585231171517. Epub 2023 May 18. PMID: 37199529; PMCID: PMC10524330.

  • Ladakis DC, Bhargava P. The Role of Gut Dysbiosis and Potential Approaches to Target the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis. CNS Drugs. 2023 Feb;37(2):117-132. doi: 10.1007/s40263-023-00986-w. Epub 2023 Jan 24. PMID: 36690786.​​

2022
 

  • Ladakis DC, Gould J, Khazen JM, Lefelar JM, Tarpey S, Bies CJ, Salky R, Fitzgerald KC, Bhargava P, Nourbakhsh B, Sotirchos ES. Fatigue is a common symptom in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2022 Nov 15;8(4):20552173221131235. doi: 10.1177/20552173221131235. PMID: 36407471; PMCID: PMC9669694. 

  • Kim D, Witt EE, Schubert S, Sotirchos E, Bhargava P, Mowry EM, Sachs K, Bilen B, Steinman L, Awani A, He Z, Calabresi PA, Van Haren K. Peripheral T-Cells, B-Cells, and Monocytes from Multiple Sclerosis Patients Supplemented with High-Dose Vitamin D Show Distinct Changes in Gene Expression Profiles. Nutrients. 2022 Nov 9;14(22):4737. doi: 10.3390/nu14224737. PMID: 36432424; PMCID: PMC9694020.

  • Ladakis DC, Yao PJ, Vreones M, Blommer J, Kalaitzidis G, Sotirchos ES, Fitzgerald KC, Saidha S, Calabresi PA, Kapogiannis D, Bhargava P. Mitochondrial measures in neuronally enriched extracellular vesicles predict brain and retinal atrophy in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2022 Nov;28(13):2020-2026. doi: 10.1177/13524585221106290. Epub 2022 Jul 5. PMID: 35787218; PMCID: PMC9588617.

  • Bhargava P, Haughey N, Calabresi PA. Response to-Tracking the role of sphingolipids in MS: The dynamic nature of ceramide synthases. Mult Scler. 2022 Nov;28(13):2148-2149. doi: 10.1177/13524585221084094. Epub 2022 Apr 2. PMID: 35369796; PMCID: PMC9526758.

  • Bhargava P, Hartung HP, Calabresi PA. Contribution of B cells to cortical damage in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2022 Oct 21;145(10):3363-3373. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac233. PMID: 35775595.

  • Fitzgerald KC, Bhargava P, Smith MD, Vizthum D, Henry-Barron B, Kornberg MD, Cassard SD, Kapogiannis D, Sullivan P, Baer DJ, Calabresi PA, Mowry EM. Intermittent calorie restriction alters T cell subsets and metabolic markers in people with multiple sclerosis. EBioMedicine. 2022 Aug;82:104124. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104124. Epub 2022 Jul 8. PMID: 35816900; PMCID: PMC9283513.

  • Kim Y, Rebman AW, Johnson TP, Wang H, Yang T, Colantuoni C, Bhargava P, Levy M, Calabresi PA, Aucott JN, Soloski MJ, Darrah E. Peptidylarginine Deiminase 2 Autoantibodies Are Linked to Less Severe Disease in Multiple Sclerosis and Post-treatment Lyme Disease. Front Neurol. 2022 Jun 6;13:874211. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.874211. PMID: 35734473; PMCID: PMC9207393.

  • Smith MD, Chamling X, Gill AJ, Martinez H, Li W, Fitzgerald KC, Sotirchos ES, Moroziewicz D, Bauer L, Paull D, Gharagozloo M, Bhargava P, Zack DJ, Fossati V, Calabresi PA. Reactive Astrocytes Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Suppress Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Differentiation. Front Mol Neurosci. 2022 May 6;15:874299. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.874299. PMID: 35600072; PMCID: PMC9120968.

  • Bhargava P. Cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination after B-cell depletion: conflicting results from studies. Lancet Rheumatol. 2022 Apr;4(4):e247. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(22)00032-7. Epub 2022 Mar 24. PMID: 35350166; PMCID: PMC8947806.

  • Fitzgerald KC, Mecoli CA, Douglas M, Harris S, Aravidis B, Albayda J, Sotirchos ES, Hoke A, Orbai AM, Petri M, Christopher-Stine L, Baer AN, Paik JJ, Adler BL, Tiniakou E, Timlin H, Bhargava P, Newsome SD, Venkatesan A, Chaudhry V, Lloyd TE, Pardo CA, Stern BJ, Lazarev M, Truta B, Saidha S, Chen ES, Sharp M, Gilotra N, Kasper EK, Gelber AC, Bingham CO, Shah AA, Mowry EM. Risk Factors for Infection and Health Impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in People With Autoimmune Diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Feb 11;74(3):427-436. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab407. PMID: 33956972; PMCID: PMC8135997.​​

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